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Mers El Kébir
Mers El Kébir ((アラビア語:المرسى الكبير), “the Great Harbour”) is a port town in northwestern Algeria, located by the Mediterranean Sea near Oran, in the Oran Province. It is famous for the attack on its fleet in 1940, during the Second World War.
==History==
Originally a Roman port called ''Portus Divinus'', Mers-el-Kébir became an Almohad naval arsenal in the 12th century, fell under the rulers of the Kingdom of Tlemcen in the 15th century, and eventually became a center of pirate activity around 1492. It was occupied variously by the Ottoman Turks, Portuguese and Spanish, with the Spanish (which named it ''Mazalquivir'') capturing it in 1505 under Cardinal Cisneros. Mazalquivir was the base used to capture neighbouring Oran in 1509. The Spanish held both cities until 1708, when they were driven out by Turkish Bey Mustapha Ben Youssef (also known as ''Bouchelaghem''). The Spanish returned in 1732 when the armada of the Duke of Montemar was victorious in the Battle of Aïn-el-Turk and again took Oran and Mazalquivir. Both cities were held until 1792, when they were sold by King Carlos IV to the Dey of Algiers.
The French occupied it in 1830, and renamed it ''Saint André de Mers-el-Kébir'', enhancing the port in 1868 with an eponymous lighthouse,〔(Lighthouses at Lighthouse Depot ... Lighthouse Explorer Database ... Mers el Kebir Light )〕 the latter was destroyed during World War II.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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